Why in news?
The Indian Navy’s design bureau has progressed with the conceptual design of Project‑76, a plan to build a new class of diesel‑electric attack submarines. These submarines will complement the indigenously built Kalvari‑class (Project‑75) and proposed Project‑75(I) submarines.
Background
India’s current submarine fleet comprises aging Soviet‑origin vessels and six French‑designed Scorpène submarines built under Project‑75. To maintain underwater deterrence, the Navy conceived Project‑75(I) to procure six advanced submarines with air‑independent propulsion (AIP) technology from a foreign partner. Project‑76 goes a step further by aiming to design and construct submarines entirely within India.
Salient features
- Indigenous design: Project‑76 submarines will be designed by the Navy’s Warship Design Bureau in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Lessons from earlier programmes will guide improvements in stealth, endurance and weapon systems.
- Air‑independent propulsion: The vessels are expected to incorporate AIP modules, allowing them to remain submerged for extended periods without surfacing to recharge batteries. DRDO is developing fuel‑cell‑based AIP technology for this purpose.
- Multi‑role capability: The submarines will be equipped with torpedoes, anti‑ship missiles and land‑attack cruise missiles. Advanced sonar, electronic warfare suites and communication systems will enable both offensive and reconnaissance roles.
- Incremental build: The plan envisages building up to 12 submarines in phases. The first vessels could be launched in the early 2030s, following the completion of Project‑75(I).
Significance
- Self‑reliance: Project‑76 embodies the Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision by strengthening India’s indigenous shipbuilding industry and reducing dependence on foreign designs.
- Strategic deterrence: A larger and more capable submarine fleet will enhance India’s ability to protect sea lanes, deter adversaries and project power in the Indian Ocean.
- Technology transfer: Developing complex systems like AIP domestically will spill over into civilian sectors, such as green energy and manufacturing.
Conclusion
Project‑76 represents an ambitious step in India’s naval modernisation. Successful execution will require sustained investment, skilled manpower and close collaboration between government, industry and research institutions.
Source: Naval News