Why in news?
The Indian government announced the rollout of AdFalciVax, the world’s first two‑stage malaria vaccine developed collaboratively by the University of Oxford, the Serum Institute of India and Novavax. The vaccine offers protection against the deadliest malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.
Malaria and the need for vaccines
Malaria is transmitted by the bites of infected mosquitoes and causes fever, chills and anaemia. P. falciparum accounts for most malaria deaths, particularly in sub‑Saharan Africa and parts of India. Traditional control methods, such as insecticide‑treated bed nets and anti‑malarial drugs, are essential but have limitations due to resistance and cost.
How AdFalciVax works
- Two‑dose regimen: The vaccine is given in two stages. The first dose uses a harmless adenovirus vector to introduce malaria proteins and stimulate an immune response. The second dose contains a purified protein with an adjuvant called Matrix‑M to strengthen immunity.
- High efficacy: Trials have shown around 77% efficacy in preventing malaria infection, higher than previous vaccines.
- Thermal stability: The vaccine remains stable at 2–8 °C, making it easier to store and transport in tropical regions.
Significance and next steps
AdFalciVax could save thousands of lives annually and support India’s goal of malaria elimination by 2030. The vaccine will be part of Gavi’s portfolio, enabling low‑income countries to access it at subsidised rates. Continued surveillance, vector control and community education will remain vital alongside vaccination.