Why in news?
The National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) in Hyderabad has established India’s first dedicated biobank for animal stem cells. This facility aims to preserve genetic material and facilitate research into regenerative medicine and livestock improvement.
Background
- Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can develop into various tissues. In animals, they are used to study disease, improve breeding programmes and develop therapies for injuries and genetic disorders.
- India has several human stem‑cell banks, but there has been no unified facility for animal stem cells. Such a biobank can help preserve rare breeds and support research on cattle, sheep and poultry.
Facility features
- The Hyderabad biobank has cryo‑storage units that maintain cells at ultra‑low temperatures, ensuring long‑term viability.
- It includes a 3D bioprinter and a clean‑room environment to develop tissue constructs for research.
- Sample collection and storage are digitised to maintain traceability and prevent contamination.
Significance
- The biobank will support regenerative therapies for injuries and degenerative diseases in livestock, potentially improving productivity and animal welfare.
- It will also preserve genetic diversity by storing cells from rare indigenous breeds and threatened wildlife, contributing to conservation.
- Research outcomes may lead to improved meat, milk and egg production, boosting income for farmers.
Challenges and way forward
- Ethical concerns exist around cloning and genetic modification. Clear guidelines and transparency are essential to build public trust.
- Continuous funding will be necessary to maintain the biobank, train staff and expand partnerships with universities and industry.
- India should develop regulatory frameworks for the use of animal stem cells and encourage public‑private research collaborations.