Why in news?
Bhadohi’s hand‑knotted carpet industry — which accounts for more than 60% of India’s carpet exports — is reeling after the United States imposed a 50% tariff on Indian goods. The steep duty has led to order cancellations, production cuts and job losses in the region.
History
The art of carpet weaving flourished in the Bhadohi–Mirzapur belt of Uttar Pradesh during the Mughal era. Emperor Akbar invited Persian weavers to India in the 16th century, leading to Indo‑Persian designs recorded in the Ain‑i‑Akbari. During colonial times Bhadohi became a major export hub. After Independence, a network of over 1,200 exporters and more than two million artisans turned the region into the “Carpet City” of India.
Characteristics of the industry
- Hand‑knotted technique: Skilled artisans tie thousands of knots on vertical looms using wool, silk or cotton. Depending on complexity, a single carpet can take three to six months to complete.
- Materials: The carpets use high‑quality wool (often imported from New Zealand), silk from Karnataka and natural dyes. Artisans blend traditional Persian and Mughal motifs with modern patterns to cater to diverse markets.
- Cluster‑based production: Families work from home or small workshops, performing tasks such as carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, washing and finishing. The cluster model promotes specialization and supports rural livelihoods.
Significance and challenges
Carpet exports from Bhadohi fetch more than ₹17,000 crore annually, with the United States being the largest market. The sector provides direct and indirect employment to over two million people. Beyond economics, the industry preserves centuries‑old art forms and craftsmanship.
The recent tariff hike threatens the survival of many exporters. Orders have been cancelled, exposing weavers to uncertainty. To sustain the industry, stakeholders need to diversify markets, improve product quality and lobby for trade negotiations. Government support in the form of subsidies, skill training and access to affordable credit can protect both artisans and cultural heritage.