Why in news?
Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha was formally upgraded to a tiger reserve in 2025 after receiving approval from the National Tiger Conservation Authority. The sanctuary’s transformation reflects successful conservation and community‑led development efforts.
Location and history
Debrigarh lies near Sambalpur in western Odisha and is bordered by the Hirakud Reservoir. Freedom fighter Veer Surendra Sai used its rugged terrain as a base against British forces. It was notified as a sanctuary in 1985. The tiger reserve status recognises its ecological importance and promotes stricter protection.
Key features
- Size and landscape: The reserve covers about 804 square kilometres, with a core area of roughly 347 square kilometres. It includes forests, grasslands, wetlands and parts of the Hirakud wetland, creating a rich mosaic of habitats.
- Biodiversity: Debrigarh hosts Indian bison, sambar, wild boar, leopards, wild dogs and the four‑horned antelope. More than 300 bird species, including over 120 migratory species, are recorded here.
- Eco‑tourism: The sanctuary is home to India’s first “dark sky” tourism hub, where artificial light pollution is minimised to allow stargazing. Eco‑friendly activities such as safari rides, kayaking, cycling and bird‑watching engage visitors while generating local income.
Significance
- Conservation success: Improved prey base and careful management have allowed the area to support big cats and other wildlife. Gaur populations have grown, and about 40 per cent of newborn animal herds survive.
- Community participation: Around 400 families voluntarily relocated with compensation, and 155 villages are now involved in conservation activities. This community model enhances livelihoods and fosters stewardship.
- Replicable model: The integration of wildlife protection, sustainable tourism and historical heritage makes Debrigarh a blueprint for future reserves. It demonstrates how conservation can coexist with development when local communities are partners.
Debrigarh’s elevation to tiger reserve status is a testament to long‑term planning, community involvement and innovative tourism, offering lessons for protected areas across India.