Why in news?
The University Grants Commission and several state boards announced their intent to conduct entrance and recruitment examinations online from 2026. This decision comes amid growing recognition that paper‑based exams waste resources and are vulnerable to leaks. The move has revived interest in digital testing as an environmentally friendly and transparent alternative.
From paper to pixels: a brief history
For decades examinations in India have relied on printed question papers and answer booklets. Each year some 16 billion sheets are consumed nationwide, equivalent to felling hundreds of thousands of trees. Transporting and storing papers adds to costs and carbon emissions, and there have been multiple instances of question paper leaks. Pilot projects in early 2010s used computer labs for medical and engineering entrance tests, but adoption remained slow due to infrastructure gaps. Advances in internet connectivity and digital literacy have now made large‑scale online exams feasible.
Benefits of online examinations
- Environmental savings: Reducing the use of paper saves trees and cuts energy and water consumption used in paper production and transport.
- Cost efficiency: Digital platforms eliminate printing, logistics and storage expenses. Examinations can be scheduled flexibly, lowering administrative costs.
- Transparency and security: Question pools and randomisation minimise leaks. Real‑time monitoring and encrypted data transfer reduce manipulation.
- Accessibility: Online tests can be taken at authorised centres or home with remote proctoring. Features such as adjustable fonts and screen readers help candidates with disabilities.
- Quick results: Automated scoring speeds up result declaration, enabling faster recruitment and admissions.
Challenges and precautions
Digital exams depend on reliable power and internet connectivity. Rural and remote areas may require temporary test centres with backup systems. Training students and examiners to use secure interfaces is essential to prevent malpractice. Privacy of candidates must be protected during online proctoring. With careful planning, digital examinations can transform assessment and reduce India’s ecological footprint.