Why in news?
Every year India celebrates Teacher’s Day on 5 September, the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. In 2025, tributes highlighted his contributions to education, philosophy and public life, reminding the nation of his legacy.
Early life and education
Born on 5 September 1888 in Tiruttani (present‑day Tamil Nadu), Radhakrishnan came from a modest Telugu‑speaking family. He studied philosophy at Madras Christian College and began his career as a teacher. His deep understanding of Eastern and Western philosophies quickly gained him recognition.
Academic and diplomatic career
- Scholarship: Radhakrishnan taught at institutions in Mysore and Calcutta and was appointed to the prestigious King’s College, London. He wrote extensively on Indian philosophy and comparative religion, arguing that all faiths share underlying values.
- Education reform: After independence he chaired the University Education Commission (1948), which recommended expanding higher education and emphasising research and liberal arts.
- Diplomacy: He served as India’s ambassador to the Soviet Union (1949–1952), fostering ties during the early Cold War.
Political leadership
- Radhakrishnan was elected India’s first Vice‑President in 1952 and re‑elected in 1957. In 1962 he became the country’s second President, guiding the nation through the Sino‑Indian conflict and advocating tolerance and democracy.
- He used his ceremonial office to promote education and emphasise ethical conduct in public life. He believed that teachers shape the character of a nation.
Legacy
Radhakrishnan’s birthday is celebrated as Teacher’s Day to honour educators. His writings continue to influence philosophy curricula in India and abroad. He remains a symbol of scholarship, humility and public service.