Why in news?
Marine researchers recently observed a living ginkgo‑toothed beaked whale off the coast of Baja California, Mexico – the first confirmed sighting of the elusive species in the wild. Previously, knowledge about this deep‑diving whale came only from stranded carcasses.
Background
Beaked whales belong to a family of deep‑diving cetaceans that spend most of their lives far below the ocean surface. They surface briefly, making them difficult to study. The ginkgo‑toothed beaked whale (Mesoplodon ginkgodens) is named after the shape of the male’s teeth, which resemble a ginkgo leaf. Their distribution includes the tropical Pacific, but sightings are extremely rare.
Characteristics
- Robust body: adults grow to around 5.3 m (17 feet) in length and weigh between 1.5 and 3.6 tonnes. They have small, pointed flippers and a low, sloping forehead.
- Ginkgo‑shaped teeth: males develop a pair of teeth shaped like ginkgo leaves near the tip of the lower jaw, which are used in mating battles. Females have smaller, embedded teeth.
- Colouration: males are dark brown to black with white spots on the head and neck, while females are mid‑grey. Their bodies often bear scars from deep‑sea squid and battles with other males.
- Sensitivity to sound: beaked whales are highly sensitive to military sonar. Sudden loud noises can cause them to ascend too quickly, leading to decompression sickness and sometimes death.
Significance of the sighting
- Improved understanding: direct observations allow scientists to study behaviour, social structure and habitat preferences rather than relying solely on stranded specimens.
- Conservation measures: knowing where the whales live helps authorities design marine protected areas and regulate sonar use to reduce harmful noise.
- Public awareness: the discovery draws attention to the diversity of marine life and the need for responsible ocean practices.
Conclusion
The live sighting of the ginkgo‑toothed beaked whale is a milestone for marine science. Continued monitoring and protection of deep‑sea habitats will be crucial for the survival of these mysterious creatures.
Source: Indian Express