Why in news?
China unveiled a new high‑speed magnetic levitation (maglev) train capable of covering the 1,200 km distance between Beijing and Shanghai in roughly 2½ hours. This performance surpasses current high‑speed rail and approaches the speed of air travel.
What is maglev technology?
- Magnetic levitation: Maglev trains have no wheels. They float above the track using opposing magnetic fields, eliminating friction and enabling smooth, silent motion.
- Propulsion: Electric coils in the guideway change magnetic polarity, pushing and pulling the train forward.
- Suspension systems: There are two main types—Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) uses attraction, while Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS) uses repulsion and often requires superconducting magnets.
Features of China’s new maglev train
- It accelerates to 600 km per hour in just seven seconds, and under vacuum‑tube test conditions it has reached over 650 km per hour.
- Aerodynamic design inspired by bird beaks reduces air resistance at high speeds.
- Large digital screens and spacious interiors provide passenger comfort.
Advantages and limitations
- Advantages: Maglev trains offer very high speeds, vibration‑free rides and low maintenance since there is no contact between wheels and rails. They may reduce short‑haul flights and support eco‑friendly mobility.
- Limitations: Building maglev lines is expensive because they require entirely new guideways. Rare‑earth materials used in magnets add to costs, and current networks operate only on specific routes.
Conclusion
The latest maglev developments show how transportation technology continues to evolve. While India’s current focus is on high‑speed rail, keeping an eye on emerging technologies like maglev is crucial for future planning.