Why in news?
Botanists from the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) have discovered Impatiens rajibiana, a new species of balsam flower, in the natural forests near Shergaon in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. The discovery underscores the rich biodiversity of the Eastern Himalaya.
Background
Balsams (genus Impatiens) are moisture‑loving herbs known for their bright flowers and explosive seed pods. India hosts around 230 species of balsam, many of which are endemic to the Himalaya and Western Ghats. Recent botanical surveys in Arunachal Pradesh have yielded several new species, including Impatiens godfryei and Impatiens sashinborthakurii. Impatiens rajibiana adds to this list.
Characteristics and habitat
- Appearance: The plant is small, growing 20–30 cm tall. It bears pinkish‑white flowers with petals fused into a hooded corolla. The leaves are narrow and lance‑shaped.
- Habitat: It grows in moist, shaded forests near Shergaon at elevations above 2,000 m. Such montane habitats harbour many plants that are found nowhere else.
- Blooming season: Flowers emerge between July and September. The plant dies back after seeding as most balsams are annuals.
- Endemism: The species appears to be restricted to the Shergaon valley and has not been observed elsewhere so far.
Significance of the discovery
- Biodiversity hotspot: Arunachal Pradesh’s moist evergreen forests host numerous endemic plants. Identifying new species informs conservation planning and highlights the importance of protecting these habitats.
- Scientific contribution: The BSI team’s discovery enriches botanical knowledge and emphasises the need for further exploration in remote forests.
Conclusion
Impatiens rajibiana is another reminder of the Eastern Himalaya’s status as a biodiversity hotspot. Protecting high‑altitude forests and supporting botanical research will help conserve India’s unique plant heritage.
Source: PTI