Why in News?
- The Chief of Defence Staff has released declassified joint doctrines for cyberspace and amphibious operations, signalling a more integrated and modern approach to national defence.
Understanding Cyberspace
- Cyberspace is the global network of interconnected information systems, including the internet, intranets, satellites and control systems.
- It is borderless, serves both civilian and military purposes and enables real‑time interactions.
- The anonymity of cyberspace and its rapidly evolving threats make attribution difficult and heighten security challenges.
Amphibious Operations
- These are coordinated military actions launched from the sea by naval, air and land forces to achieve objectives on shore.
- They are used for combat, humanitarian assistance, disaster relief and projecting force in contested zones.
- Key features include tri‑service integration, rapid response, flexible mission profiles and strategic reach.
Components of Cyberspace Operations
- Defensive operations: Protect military and national networks against hacking, malware and data breaches through monitoring and security protocols.
- Offensive operations: Penetrate enemy systems to disrupt communications and disable critical infrastructure.
- Cyber intelligence and reconnaissance: Collect and analyse data to anticipate threats and plan operations.
- Cyber support: Provide technical tools to enhance land, air, maritime and space operations.
- Resilience and recovery: Establish backup systems and rapid restoration measures to maintain mission continuity.
Operational Principles
- Plan based on accurate intelligence about potential threats.
- Ensure interoperability among different branches of the armed forces and civil agencies.
- Employ layered defences—from firewalls to advanced intrusion detection—to neutralise threats early.
- Operate within domestic laws and international norms to maintain legitimacy.
- Develop capabilities for real‑time responses to minimise damage from cyber incidents.
Significance
- Protects critical infrastructure such as power grids, defence networks and communication systems.
- Acts as a force multiplier by integrating cyber tools with conventional warfare.
- Enhances maritime superiority through amphibious capabilities, safeguarding island territories and coastal interests.
- Promotes jointness among the Army, Navy and Air Force, reducing duplication of efforts.
- Prepares India for hybrid warfare that blends cyber‑attacks with conventional combat.
- Sends a diplomatic signal of India’s readiness to defend its multi‑domain interests.
Conclusion
The declassified doctrines mark a strategic leap in defence preparedness. By integrating cyber and amphibious operations, India strengthens its capacity to deal with modern threats and asserts its position in a complex security environment.
