Why in news?
October 2025 marked the 65th anniversary of Jane Goodall’s groundbreaking observation of chimpanzees using tools at Gombe Stream National Park. The milestone triggered discussions about her contributions to science and her continued activism for wildlife conservation and humane treatment of animals.
Life and early work
Jane Goodall was born in London in 1934. Fascinated by animals from a young age, she travelled to Kenya in 1957 and met the paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey. Without formal scientific training she was chosen to study chimpanzees in the wild. In 1960 Goodall set up camp at Gombe Stream, Tanzania, and began observing the behaviour of chimpanzees using binoculars and patient note‑taking.
Groundbreaking findings
- Tool use: In October 1960 Goodall observed chimpanzees stripping twigs to fish termites from mounds, proving that non‑human primates could make and use tools. This challenged the prevailing notion that toolmaking was unique to humans.
- Individual personalities: She gave names to chimpanzees and recognised distinct personalities and emotional bonds within their communities. This approach was unusual at the time but later became accepted.
- Social complexity: Her studies revealed intricate social hierarchies, cooperation in hunting and warfare between groups, maternal care and adoption of orphans.
- Diet and behaviour: Goodall documented that chimpanzees eat meat, not just fruit, and occasionally hunt monkeys. She also observed instances of violence and empathy.
Impact and legacy
Goodall’s work revolutionised primatology, anthropology and our understanding of the human–animal continuum. Her findings showed that the gap between humans and other apes was smaller than previously thought. In 1977 she founded the Jane Goodall Institute to support research and promote conservation. Through programmes like Roots & Shoots she empowers youth around the world to undertake environmental projects. Goodall advocates for animal welfare, vegetarianism and ethical research. Her life demonstrates the power of curiosity, patience and respect for nature.