Why in news?
A special investigation team appointed by the Supreme Court recently found that a corporate zoo’s acquisition of wild animals complied with the law. The case has sparked interest in the legal framework governing acquisition of animals in India.
Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972
The Act is the primary legislation for protecting wild animals and plants in India. It divides species into six schedules, regulates hunting, establishes protected areas (national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation reserves and community reserves) and sets up bodies such as the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau.
Acquiring animals – legal requirements
- Permission: Any transfer, acquisition or transport of wild animals requires prior approval from the Chief Wildlife Warden of the concerned state (Sections 40 and 42).
- Prohibition on sale: It is unlawful to sell or buy wild animals or their trophies without permission. Commercial trade in scheduled species is generally banned (Sections 49 and 49B).
- Zoo regulation: Zoos must obtain recognition from the Central Zoo Authority and adhere to standards on animal welfare, enclosures and veterinary care.
Process
- Prospective acquirers apply to the Chief Wildlife Warden detailing species, purpose and facilities.
- The application is verified by forest officials, and only surplus or captive‑bred animals may be transferred.
- Permits and licences specify conditions for transport, quarantine and housing.
- Records must be kept and periodic inspections conducted.
Rationale
Regulation ensures that acquisitions do not encourage illegal trade or jeopardise wild populations. Zoos and rescue centres provide sanctuary for animals that cannot return to the wild, but they must meet stringent welfare standards.