Why in news?
On 27 October 2025, Gursharan Singh, Head of the Loktak project at NHPC Ltd and newly appointed General Manager (Electrical), met Manipur Governor Ajay Kumar Bhalla at Raj Bhavan. He informed the governor about logistical difficulties in transporting heavy equipment needed for ongoing renovation and modernisation works at the Loktak Hydroelectric Project. The governor emphasised the importance of completing the renovation on time to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the region.
Background
The Loktak Hydroelectric Project is a 105 megawatt (MW) run‑of‑river hydroelectric scheme located on Loktak Lake in Manipur, the largest freshwater lake in north‑east India. Construction began in 1971 and the plant entered commercial operation in 1983. The project consists of three units of 35 MW each and is owned by NHPC Limited, a public sector hydropower company. A key component is the Ithai Barrage, which forms an artificial reservoir by impounding the Manipur River near the confluence of the Imphal and Khuga rivers. The barrage ensures a consistent water supply for the power station but has also altered the lake’s hydrology and ecology.
Key facts
- Location and capacity: The project is situated in the Bishnupur district of Manipur. It has an installed capacity of 105 MW, generated by three turbines. The electricity produced is supplied to the north‑eastern states, helping to meet their energy needs.
- Development history: Planning for the project started in the late 1960s to harness the power potential of the Loktak lake and Manipur River. The dam and power house were constructed in a single phase during the 1970s and early 1980s.
- Ithai Barrage: The 10‑metre‑high barrage across the Manipur River creates a reservoir that stabilises the lake’s water level. While essential for power generation and irrigation, it has been criticised for inundating farmland, affecting floating phumdi (vegetation mats) and changing fish habitats.
- Modernisation challenges: After four decades of operation, equipment such as turbines and transformers requires refurbishment. Transporting large machinery to the remote site through hilly terrain and limited road infrastructure has been difficult. Delays could hamper power generation and affect local livelihoods reliant on the lake.
Significance
- Regional power supply: Loktak is the only major hydroelectric plant in Manipur and supplies electricity to several north‑eastern states, including Assam, Mizoram and Nagaland. Its reliable operation is critical for regional development and for reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
- Ecological considerations: The project’s impact on Loktak lake has been debated. Balancing energy generation with the health of the lake’s ecosystem and the livelihoods of local communities remains a challenge. Renovation provides an opportunity to adopt more environmentally sensitive practices.
Conclusion
The Loktak Hydroelectric Project illustrates the complexities of operating hydropower in ecologically sensitive regions. Addressing logistical bottlenecks will be essential for timely modernisation and for ensuring that the plant continues to provide clean energy to the north‑east while minimising its ecological footprint.
Source: India Today NE