Why in news?
India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently showcased a set of small, man‑portable autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) designed for mine detection and coastal surveillance. These compact robots can be carried by two people and were highlighted during field trials that proved their ability to locate under‑water hazards and transmit data in real time.
Background
An autonomous underwater vehicle is an unmanned submersible that operates without a human pilot on board. Man‑portable models are lightweight enough for a small team to launch and recover them from ships or shorelines. Such vehicles are used worldwide for mapping seafloors, inspecting pipelines, searching for mines and gathering environmental data. In India, the development of indigenous AUVs reflects the broader aim of self‑reliance and safer maritime operations.
Key features
- Advanced sensors: The AUVs carry side‑scan sonar and underwater cameras to detect mines and other objects concealed on the seabed. These instruments produce detailed images of the ocean floor.
- Artificial intelligence: Deep‑learning algorithms help the vehicle classify targets. By analysing sonar returns and photographs onboard, the AUV reduces operator workload and quickly identifies suspicious shapes.
- Robust communication: An acoustic modem allows the vehicle to send data to other AUVs or a control station while underwater. This is vital for collaborative missions or when updates are needed during a long survey.
- Modular design: The system has an open architecture, so mission‑specific payloads—such as environmental sensors or oceanographic instruments—can be added. A small team can assemble and deploy the vehicle within minutes.
- Safety and endurance: Built‑in safety functions enable the AUV to surface automatically if it detects a problem. The craft is designed to operate for several hours at depths typical of coastal waters.
Significance
- Safer mine‑countermeasure operations: By using unmanned vehicles to search for underwater explosives, navies can keep divers out of harm’s way and clear sea lanes efficiently.
- Boost to indigenous technology: Developing and producing these AUVs domestically supports the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative and reduces dependence on foreign systems.
- Versatile applications: Beyond defence, compact AUVs can be used for underwater archaeology, marine biology and monitoring coastal pollution. Their portability makes them attractive for scientific research and disaster response.
Conclusion
The introduction of man‑portable AUVs marks a significant step toward modernising India’s maritime capabilities. As the technology matures and production scales up, these underwater robots could become a common sight along Indian coasts, assisting with everything from mine clearance to environmental surveys.
Source: Press Information Bureau