Why in news?
Nepal has been witnessing youth‑led “Gen Z” protests following political unrest after Prime Minister K. P. Sharma Oli’s resignation. President Ram Chandra Paudel appealed for dialogue as demonstrations intensified. The unrest drew international attention to Nepal’s political system and geography.
Country profile
- Location: A landlocked Himalayan country between India and China. It shares borders with India to the east, south and west, and with China to the north.
- Capital: Kathmandu.
- Geography: Home to many of the world’s highest peaks, including Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga and Annapurna. Major rivers like the Kosi, Narayani (Gandak) and Karnali flow southward into India and are vital for irrigation and hydropower.
- Climate: Varies from subtropical plains in the Tarai to alpine conditions in the Himalayas.
Political setup
- System: Federal Democratic Republic since 2008, when the monarchy was abolished.
- Head of state: The President has a largely ceremonial role and is elected by an electoral college comprising the federal parliament and provincial assemblies.
- Head of government: The Prime Minister holds executive power and must command a majority in the Federal Parliament.
- Legislature: Bicameral parliament consisting of the House of Representatives (275 members elected directly) and the National Assembly (59 members elected indirectly).
Recent protests
- Triggers: Government bans on social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp citing tax and cybersecurity concerns; frustration over corruption and lack of transparency.
- Demands: Protesters call for accountability, democratic freedoms and an end to nepotism.
- Government response: The President urged peaceful dialogue, while security forces have clashed with demonstrators.
Nepal’s political turbulence reminds us of the challenges faced by young democracies in balancing security measures with civil liberties. Its geography and hydropower potential also make it strategically significant for India and China.