Why in news?
With the onset of flu season in September 2025, doctors cautioned the public to use paracetamol responsibly. The drug is widely available and effective, but misuse can cause severe liver damage.
Uses and mechanism
Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen or by brand names such as Tylenol, is an analgesic and antipyretic medicine. It reduces fever and relieves mild to moderate pain by blocking the production of prostaglandins in the brain, which are chemicals that signal pain and increase body temperature. Unlike non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it does not significantly reduce inflammation and is gentler on the stomach.
Benefits
- Effective for headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, muscle pain and fever.
- Considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding when taken under medical guidance.
- Available over the counter and included in many combination cold and flu remedies.
Risks and precautions
- Liver toxicity: The liver metabolises paracetamol. Taking more than the recommended dose (usually 4 grams per day for adults) can lead to acute liver failure.
- Hidden doses: Many cough syrups, analgesics and cold tablets contain paracetamol. Combining these medicines without checking labels may cause unintentional overdose.
- Alcohol interaction: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of liver damage when taking paracetamol.
- Existing conditions: People with liver disease, malnutrition or chronic alcohol use should consult a doctor before use.
To use paracetamol safely, follow dosage instructions, avoid taking multiple paracetamol‑containing products simultaneously and seek medical help if symptoms persist. Store medicines out of reach of children.