Why in news?
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs requested the Census Commissioner to enumerate Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups separately in the forthcoming Census. Collecting detailed data on these communities will help design targeted welfare schemes.
Who are PVTGs?
PVTGs are a sub‑category of Scheduled Tribes identified as the most disadvantaged among tribal communities. The concept emerged from the Dhebar Commission (1960–61), which noted that some tribes were more vulnerable than others. In the Fifth Five‑Year Plan (1974–79) 52 groups were initially listed; another 23 were added in 2006, bringing the total to 75.
Habitat and examples
- Distribution: PVTGs are spread across 18 states and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many inhabit remote forests, hilly regions or isolated islands.
- Examples: Baigas in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Abujh Marias, and island groups like the Jarawas, Onges, Sentinelese and Shompens.
Characteristics
- Demographic vulnerability: Many PVTGs have small or declining populations and are at risk of extinction.
- Geographical isolation: They have limited contact with mainstream society and often depend on hunting, gathering and shifting cultivation.
- Socio‑economic backwardness: PVTGs face low literacy rates, poor health outcomes and limited access to infrastructure.
- Cultural distinctiveness: They retain unique languages, customs and beliefs.
Why a separate count is needed
- Accurate data: Past Censuses did not enumerate PVTGs separately, making it difficult to assess their numbers and plan interventions.
- Improved targeting: Detailed socio‑economic data will enable better design of health, education and livelihood programmes.
- Infrastructure planning: Knowing where PVTGs live can help identify gaps in roads, schools, healthcare and communication.
- Cultural preservation: Understanding the status of each group can inform measures to protect their languages and traditions.
- Assessment of progress: Some groups may have improved while others have become more vulnerable; separate data will help revise criteria and support mechanisms.
Enumerating PVTGs separately is a crucial step toward inclusive development. It will ensure that no community is left behind in India’s pursuit of equitable growth.