Why in news?
A massive fire at Minicoy Island’s dump yard in August 2025 exposed a waste crisis in India’s Lakshadweep islands. An estimated 4,000 tonnes of waste has accumulated due to inadequate management, posing ecological and health hazards.
Background and causes
- Accumulating waste: Over the years, tourism growth and lack of waste disposal infrastructure have led to a stockpile of about 4,000 tonnes of dry waste across the Lakshadweep archipelago.
- Governance breakdown: Local self‑government institutions collapsed in 2021, leading to unregulated dumping. Waste evacuation to the mainland is possible only for a few months each year due to the rough monsoon seas.
- Survey findings: A 2024 survey by Cochin University of Science & Technology counted over 32,000 litter items across 28 beaches. Plastic accounted for nearly two‑thirds of the waste, smothering coral reefs; 59 % of coral colonies showed disease or tissue loss and 15 % were bleached.
Ecological and socio‑economic impact
- Coral reefs at risk: Plastics and other debris suffocate coral colonies, reduce sunlight and promote algal growth. Coral decline threatens fish nurseries and coastal protection.
- Livelihoods affected: Fishing and tourism are the main sources of income. Polluted beaches and degraded reefs deter visitors and hurt local communities.
- Health hazards: Burning waste releases toxic fumes that harm respiratory health. Uncollected waste also attracts pests and contaminates groundwater.
Possible solutions
- Integrated waste management: Set up material recovery facilities on each island, segregate waste at source, compost organic matter and ship recyclables to the mainland.
- Community participation: Engage village councils and schools in clean‑up drives. Promote awareness about reducing plastic use and encourage tourists to follow waste‑free practices.
- Policy and investment: Restore local bodies and allocate funds for waste management. Incentivise producers to take responsibility for packaging waste.
- Research and monitoring: Conduct regular surveys of beach litter and coral health. Use satellite data and drones to monitor illegal dumping and support enforcement.
Conclusion
Lakshadweep’s waste crisis is a reminder that island ecosystems are fragile. Proactive waste management, strong local governance and community participation are essential to protect these tropical paradises.
