Why in news?
There were a series of near‑miss incidents on Indian runways in early 2025, prompting calls for a thorough safety review. As passenger traffic surges, stakeholders emphasised that safety must be strengthened to match the growth of India’s aviation sector.
State of the aviation sector
India is one of the fastest‑growing aviation markets. Domestic passenger numbers neared 152 million in 2024‑25, and several new airports have opened under the UDAN regional connectivity scheme. Low‑cost carriers account for a large share of flights, while full‑service airlines add international destinations. The sector contributes to tourism and trade and supports thousands of jobs.
Key challenges
- Regulatory capacity: The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) struggles with staff shortages and outdated rules. Inspectors cannot keep pace with the expansion of fleets and airports.
- Airspace encroachment: Illegal buildings, towers and hills near runways reduce the clear area required for take‑offs and landings, increasing the risk of accidents.
- Crew fatigue: Pilots and cabin crew often work long hours without adequate rest, leading to exhaustion and reduced alertness. Well‑enforced duty time regulations are needed.
- Maintenance gaps: Some airlines cut corners on maintenance to save costs. Spares shortages and inadequate oversight can lead to technical snags mid‑flight.
- Air traffic control: Air traffic controllers face high workloads and limited technology. Modern radar systems, better training and more manpower are required.
Recommendations
- Strengthen the DGCA by hiring more inspectors, updating regulations and adopting a risk‑based approach to surveillance.
- Enforce strict zoning laws around airports to prevent encroachments and height violations.
- Implement rest periods and mental health support for flight crews to prevent fatigue.
- Ensure airlines prioritise safety over profits by mandating transparent maintenance records and auditing compliance.
- Invest in modern navigation aids, runway safety systems and training for air traffic controllers.
Conclusion
Aviation safety is non‑negotiable. As India expands connectivity, regulators and industry players must work together to build a culture of safety. Learning from global best practices and investing in infrastructure will protect passengers and sustain growth.