Why in news?
Russian President Vladimir Putin announced on 26 October 2025 that Russia had successfully tested the 9M730 Burevestnik, a nuclear‑powered cruise missile with an “almost unlimited” range. The test involved the missile flying about 14,000 km in 15 hours.
Background
First unveiled by Putin in 2018, the Burevestnik (NATO codename SSC‑X‑9 Skyfall) is designed to carry a nuclear warhead and uses a miniature nuclear reactor for propulsion. Unlike conventional missiles that burn chemical fuel, a nuclear‑powered engine heats incoming air to produce thrust, allowing extremely long flight durations. Early tests reportedly encountered multiple failures, including a 2019 accident that released radiation and killed five nuclear specialists.
Features and concerns
- Unlimited range: Russia claims the missile can circle the globe and strike from unexpected directions because the reactor provides continuous power.
- Low‑flying trajectory: As a cruise missile, Burevestnik flies at lower altitudes than ballistic missiles, making detection and interception difficult.
- Nuclear propulsion: A compact reactor heats air for thrust, eliminating the need for onboard oxidiser and enabling extended flight.
- Arms‑control implications: Because it is not covered by existing strategic arms treaties such as New START, the missile raises concerns about a new arms race and nuclear safety.
- Safety risks: The use of a reactor introduces the possibility of radioactive contamination if the missile crashes or is intercepted; previous tests have already led to accidental radiation releases.
Significance
- Strategic messaging: Russia’s test signals its intent to develop novel weapons that can bypass missile defences and challenges existing arms‑control frameworks.
- Global security: The weapon’s development has prompted calls for renewed dialogue on limiting nuclear‑powered delivery systems and addressing their environmental risks.
Sources: Reuters, Indian Express Explained