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During an odonate survey from 10 to 12 October 2025, researchers and forest staff recorded 83 species of dragonflies and damselflies in Silent Valley National Park in Kerala. Six species were reported for the first time in the park, highlighting the rich biodiversity of this protected area.
Background
Silent Valley National Park lies in the Nilgiri Hills of Kerala and is part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Covering about 89.52 sq km, the park ranges from 900 m to 2,383 m in elevation and contains one of India’s last stretches of tropical evergreen forest. Its name comes from the absence of cicadas in certain areas, creating an eerie silence. The park forms the core of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and was declared a national park in 1984 after a famous “Save Silent Valley” campaign stopped a dam project.
Dragonflies and damselflies belong to the order Odonata. They spend part of their lives as aquatic larvae and are sensitive to water quality, making them important bio‑indicators. The 2025 survey involved 37 volunteers working across 12 campsites along the Kunthi River and its tributaries. Among the 83 species recorded, six were new to Silent Valley.
Newly recorded species
- Long Legged Clubtail (Lamelligomphus nihongi): A dragonfly with an elongated abdomen and long legs, previously known mainly from Northeast India.
- Fraser’s Torrent Hawk (Epophthalmia vittata): Prefers fast‑flowing forest streams; its presence indicates clean, well‑oxygenated water.
- Dark Daggerhead (Gomphidia abnormis): A dragonfly with dark markings and a dagger‑like tail, usually seen near rocky streams.
- Blue‑necked Reedtail (Protosticta anami): A damselfly with a bright blue thorax; endemic to the Western Ghats.
- Wayanad Torrent Dart (Idionyx aneurhythmus): A damselfly known from Wayanad district; its discovery in Silent Valley extends its range.
- Black and Yellow Bambootail (Disparoneura quadrimaculata): A damselfly with striking black and yellow colouration; found near slow‑moving streams.
Significance
- Indicator of ecosystem health: The presence of diverse odonates suggests that Silent Valley’s streams are clean and well‑oxygenated. Conservation of riparian habitats is crucial for these species.
- Scientific value: Recording new species encourages further research into the Western Ghats’ freshwater biodiversity. It may lead to the discovery of species new to science.
- Conservation awareness: Surveys involving volunteers build community interest in protecting lesser‑known animals. They also support ecotourism and education programmes in the park.
Conclusion
The odonate survey reaffirms Silent Valley’s status as an irreplaceable biodiversity hotspot. Protecting its rivers and forests ensures survival of not only charismatic mammals like the lion‑tailed macaque but also small creatures whose presence signals a healthy ecosystem.
Source: The Hindu