Why in news?
The striped hyena recently appeared in news reports following sightings near human settlements and discussions about its conservation status. Wildlife officials have urged people to understand the animal’s behaviour and avoid conflict. This has renewed interest in the biology and protection of this seldom‑seen species.
Background
The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is one of four hyena species and is the only hyena found in India. It ranges across North and East Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Unlike the larger spotted hyena, the striped species is solitary and primarily scavenges on carrion. It also feeds on fruits, insects and small mammals. Its body is about 1 metre long with a bristly mane and black stripes running along the greyish body, giving it its name. Striped hyenas are mostly nocturnal and avoid human contact.
Key characteristics
- Physical features: Medium‑sized carnivores with a powerful neck and forequarters, a large head, pointed ears and a bushy tail. Dark stripes across the body help camouflage it in scrublands and semi‑arid habitats.
- Habitat: Prefers arid and semi‑arid regions such as savannas, grasslands and rocky scrublands. It takes shelter in dens or caves during the day and forages at night.
- Behaviour: Generally solitary or found in small family groups. It is known for its strong jaws that enable it to crunch bones and its scavenging lifestyle, which plays an important ecological role in cleaning up carcasses.
- Conservation status: Listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and protected under Schedule I of India’s Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The main threats are habitat loss, poisoning by livestock owners, road accidents and retaliatory killings.
Why conservation matters
Striped hyenas help maintain ecosystem health by consuming carcasses and thus preventing the spread of disease. However, human–wildlife conflict arises when they approach villages for food. Awareness campaigns and community participation are essential to reduce conflict and safeguard the species. Proper waste management, habitat protection and discouraging myths that vilify hyenas can aid their conservation.
Source: IUCN Red List – Striped Hyena