Why in news?
Scientists at the MACS–Agharkar Research Institute in Pune discovered two previously unknown species of black aspergilli (section Nigri) fungi in the Western Ghats.
About Aspergillus section Nigri
Black aspergilli are a group of dark‑spored fungi widely found in soil and plants. They are economically important “workhorses” in biotechnology because they produce enzymes and organic acids used in the food industry, fermentation and agriculture.
The new species
- Aspergillus dhakephalkarii: Found in the Western Ghats, it grows rapidly and forms brown spores and orange resting structures (sclerotia). Its spores are smooth and oval.
- Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae: Also collected from the Western Ghats, this species produces abundant sclerotia and has branching hyphae that split into several columns. Its spores are spiny.
- Other records: Two species, A. aculeatinus and A. brunneoviolaceus, were reported in India for the first time.
Significance
- Biodiversity: The discoveries highlight the hidden fungal diversity of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Industrial and agricultural potential: Black aspergilli have applications in citric‑acid production, food fermentation and soil nutrient enhancement. New species could offer novel enzymes or metabolites.
- Scientific value: Documenting fungi contributes to taxonomy and helps understand ecological roles in tropical forests.