Why in news?
Images of the normally barren Atacama Desert in Chile covered with colourful flowers went viral in October 2025. This rare “desert bloom” occurs when winter rains trigger a mass germination of dormant seeds.
What causes the bloom?
The Atacama, one of the driest places on Earth, receives less than 15 millimetres of rain annually. However, during years when the El Niño phenomenon warms Pacific waters, moisture‑laden winds bring rain to the region. Seeds of desert plants remain buried in the sand for years waiting for such rains. When moisture arrives, they sprout rapidly, carpet the desert with blooms and complete their life cycle before the soil dries again.
Features of the desert and the bloom
- Biodiversity hotspot: Despite its aridity, the Atacama hosts unique plant species such as Garra de león (lion’s claw) and Pata de guanaco (guanaco’s hoof), adapted to harsh conditions.
- Short‑lived spectacle: The bloom typically lasts two to three weeks, drawing tourists and scientists. It is a delicate phenomenon easily damaged by off‑road vehicles and trampling.
- Climate indicator: Frequency and intensity of desert blooms offer insights into climate variability and the impact of El Niño events.
Importance
The bloom highlights nature’s resilience and the interconnectedness of climate and ecosystems. Chilean authorities use the opportunity to promote ecotourism and environmental education while taking measures to protect sensitive areas. For the global community, the phenomenon is a reminder of the need to preserve fragile environments in the face of climate change.