Why in news?
In early November 2025, large waves generated by a powerful storm slammed into Tenerife in the Canary Islands, sweeping people off rocks and seawalls. Three people died and about 15 others were injured. Local authorities urged residents and tourists to avoid the shoreline, and the Spanish archipelago remained on alert for dangerous coastal conditions.
Background
The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) are a chain of volcanic islands and an autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean about 100 km west of Morocco. The archipelago consists of seven main islands — Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro — along with several smaller islets. Because of their subtropical climate and mild temperatures, the islands are often called the “Islands of Eternal Spring.” They form part of the Macaronesia region, which also includes the Azores, Madeira and Cape Verde.
Major islands and features
- Tenerife: The largest and most populous island (2,034 sq km), home to nearly half of the archipelago’s residents. It hosts Mount Teide, Spain’s highest peak and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the vibrant Carnival of Santa Cruz.
- Fuerteventura: A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve with extensive beaches. It covers 1,660 sq km and is known for windswept dunes and water sports.
- Gran Canaria: Often described as a “miniature continent” because of its varied landscapes. Agriculture (notably sugarcane) and tourism are central to its economy.
- Lanzarote: Characterised by volcanic landscapes, vineyards and unique architecture. It has about 500 plant species and several endemic animals.
- La Palma: The most north‑westerly island, known for banana and avocado plantations and rich biodiversity.
- La Gomera: Famous for the Garajonay National Park and a traditional whistled language used to communicate across deep ravines.
- El Hierro: The smallest major island, declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve with 60 percent of its area protected.
Other characteristics
- Volcanic origin: The islands were formed by volcanic activity millions of years ago. Some volcanoes remain active; for example, La Palma witnessed an eruption in 2021.
- Economy: Tourism, agriculture (bananas, grapes, tomatoes) and fishing drive the economy. The islands are an outermost region of the European Union and enjoy special tax status.
- Biodiversity: The Canary Islands are home to many endemic plants and animals, making conservation important.
Source: Euronews; World Atlas