Why in news?
The Erra Matti Dibbalu, or Red Sand Dunes, near Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh have been included in the UNESCO Tentative List of World Natural Heritage Sites. The inclusion recognises the dunes’ geological uniqueness and enhances their chances of global protection.
Origin and history
These striking dunes stretch over approximately 1,500 acres along the Bay of Bengal coast. Geologists believe they were formed during the late Quaternary period (around 2.6 million years ago) through a combination of wind‑blown sands and marine deposits. British geologist William King documented the formations in 1886. In 2016 the Geological Survey of India declared the area a National Geo‑heritage Monument.
Key features
- Composition: The dunes comprise layers of sand, silt and clay with a reddish hue caused by iron oxide. Dendritic drainage patterns and sedimentary structures provide clues about ancient climate and sea‑level changes.
- Rarity: Similar red‑sand dune formations exist at only two other places worldwide — one in Sri Lanka and another in Tamil Nadu.
- Natural laboratory: The dunes preserve a chronological record of monsoon evolution and coastal geomorphology, offering opportunities for research into paleoclimate and sea‑level fluctuations.
Significance
Designation on the UNESCO list highlights the need to conserve this fragile ecosystem. Protecting the dunes supports geotourism, which can generate income for local communities if managed sustainably. It also underscores the importance of coastal conservation amid rapid urbanisation and climate change.