Why in news?
The Mahendragiri hills in Odisha’s Gajapati district, declared a Biodiversity Heritage Site in 2022, continue to attract scientific and cultural attention. Conservationists stress the need to preserve its unique flora, fauna and heritage.
Geography and ecology
- Mahendragiri, rising to about 1,501 metres, is the highest peak in the southern portion of the Eastern Ghats. It forms part of a hill complex parallel to the Bay of Bengal.
- The hills harbour over 1,300 plant species and nearly 400 animal species, including medicinal herbs, orchids, elephants, tigers and the Indian pangolin.
- They serve as a gene pool for the Eastern Ghats and act as a climatic barrier, influencing monsoon patterns.
Cultural significance
- Mahendragiri is referred to as “Mahendra Parvata” in the Mahabharata and Ramayana. Legends say it was the abode of Lord Parashurama and other sages.
- Historic sites include the Panchpandava temple and ancient caves associated with epics. Indigenous Saora and Kondh tribes inhabit the region, maintaining sacred groves and traditional practices.
Conservation status and threats
- The hills were notified as a Biodiversity Heritage Site under the Biological Diversity Act. This provides legal protection and encourages community participation in conservation.
- Threats include unregulated tourism, deforestation, shifting cultivation and illegal collection of medicinal plants. Infrastructure projects and climate change also pose risks.
Conclusion
Mahendragiri’s ecological and cultural richness make it a natural treasure. Sustainable tourism, community stewardship and strict enforcement are vital to conserve this heritage.