Why in news?
The 17th summit of the BRICS grouping—Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa—was held in Rio de Janeiro in July 2025. Indonesia was officially admitted as a new member, marking the first expansion since the inclusion of South Africa in 2010.
BRICS at a glance
- The term “BRIC” was coined in 2001 to describe the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China. These countries held their first summit in 2009 and were joined by South Africa in 2010.
- The bloc accounts for about 40 percent of the world’s population and around one‑quarter of global GDP. It aims to promote multipolarity, reform global financial institutions and enhance cooperation in trade, investment and technology.
Outcomes of the 2025 summit
- Indonesia joins: Indonesia’s admission reflects the group’s shift towards a more inclusive “BRICS Plus” format. The country brings economic weight and strategic location in South‑East Asia.
- Rio de Janeiro Declaration: Leaders called for comprehensive reforms of the UN Security Council to reflect contemporary realities and supported a rules‑based multilateral order.
- Responsible AI governance: The declaration emphasised the need for ethical standards in artificial‑intelligence development and cross‑border cooperation on cybersecurity.
- Resilient supply chains: BRICS members agreed to work towards diversified and reliable supply chains in critical sectors like pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and energy.
- People‑to‑people ties: Initiatives such as cultural exchanges, sports events and scholarships were highlighted to strengthen ties among the populations.
Significance
- The inclusion of Indonesia signals a move towards greater representation of emerging economies, possibly paving the way for other aspirants.
- For India, BRICS remains a platform to pursue a multipolar world, push for UN reforms and expand South–South cooperation.
- However, differences over issues such as Ukraine and economic policies persist among members; how the bloc navigates these will shape its future relevance.