Why in news?
A large multi‑centre study published in late 2025 found that even moderate alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of buccal mucosa cancer, the most common type of oral cancer in India. The research analysed cases over a decade and has important public‑health implications.
Background
The buccal mucosa is the inner lining of the cheeks. Squamous cell carcinoma of this lining accounts for a majority of oral cancers in India. Major risk factors include smoking, chewing tobacco, betel nut, heavy alcohol use and poor oral hygiene.
Study findings
- Alcohol risk: Drinking as little as 9 grams of alcohol per day (about one drink) was associated with a 50 percent higher risk of buccal mucosa cancer compared with non‑drinkers.
- Combined effects: People who consumed both alcohol and tobacco accounted for about 62 percent of cases. Locally brewed alcohol increased risk by up to 87 percent.
- Burden in India: Oral cancer is the second most common malignancy in India, with tens of thousands of deaths annually. Five‑year survival rates are around 60–70 percent but decline sharply if diagnosis is late.
Prevention and management
- Tobacco and alcohol cessation: Avoiding tobacco products and limiting alcohol intake can sharply lower risk.
- Oral hygiene: Regular brushing, dental check‑ups and treatment of precancerous lesions help in early detection.
- Medical care: Treatment depends on stage and may involve surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Early diagnosis improves outcomes.
Source: The Hindu
