Why in news?
Botanists announced the discovery of a new orchid species, Diplocentrum papillosum, in the high‑altitude forests of Kanthalloor in Idukki district, Kerala. The species was described in a scientific journal in January 2026 and adds to the rich floral diversity of the southern Western Ghats.
Background
The genus Diplocentrum comprises a small group of orchids endemic to peninsular India. These epiphytic or lithophytic plants grow on tree branches or rocks in moist evergreen forests. They are known for their slender stems, narrow leaves and colourful blossoms. The discovery of a new species underscores how India’s biodiversity hotspots continue to yield surprises for scientists.
Characteristics of the new species
- Appearance: D. papillosum is a small herb with elongated leaves and an unbranched inflorescence bearing several tiny flowers. The petals are pinkish‑white with darker spots, and the lip (labellum) has papillae or small bumps, which give the species its name.
- Growth habit: The plant grows on rocks and on the branches of trees at elevations of about 1,700–2,200 metres. It has robust, wiry roots that anchor it firmly and allow it to withstand strong mountain winds.
- Flowering: Flowers appear during the cooler months and last for a short period. They are pollinated by insects attracted to their colour and faint fragrance.
- Conservation status: Only a few clusters of the species have been observed, making it vulnerable to habitat loss. Researchers have called for protection of its habitat within the Anamalai and Palani hill ranges.
Importance
Discovering and documenting new plant species is crucial because it highlights unknown ecological relationships and supports conservation planning. Diplocentrum papillosum joins dozens of orchids unique to the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and reinforces the need to conserve these fragile mountain ecosystems.
Source: Onmanorama
