Why in news?
The European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) has been discussed again in the context of Europe’s search for reliable and climate‑friendly power. With ongoing debates about nuclear energy’s role in the energy transition, understanding Euratom’s mandate and history helps explain how the European Union coordinates the peaceful use of atomic energy.
Background
Euratom was created in 1957 alongside the European Economic Community. Its mission is to develop a common market for nuclear materials and technology among member states, ensuring that nuclear power is used only for peaceful purposes. All current members of the European Union are part of Euratom, making it central to the region’s nuclear policy. Euratom’s founding reflected post‑war Europe’s desire to secure energy supplies for research and industry while preventing military misuse.
Key functions
- Regulating the civil nuclear industry: Euratom sets safety standards and safeguards to ensure that nuclear plants operate safely and materials are not diverted to weapons.
- Securing fuel supplies: It supervises trade in nuclear materials and guarantees fair access to uranium and other fuels for member countries.
- Investing in research: Euratom funds research on fission and fusion technologies, radiation protection and waste disposal, including partnerships on advanced reactors and international projects.
- International cooperation: The community negotiates agreements with other countries and organisations on matters such as nuclear fuel supply, waste management and safety standards.
Significance
- Safe nuclear development: A unified framework helps maintain high safety levels across Europe’s nuclear facilities and reassures the public that nuclear energy is strictly regulated.
- Energy security: By coordinating supply contracts and sharing technology, Euratom reduces member states’ dependence on external suppliers for nuclear fuel.
- Innovation and research: Collaborative research under Euratom accelerates advances in next‑generation reactors and fusion power, supporting Europe’s long‑term energy goals.
Conclusion
As European countries seek to balance energy security with climate commitments, Euratom provides a platform for cooperation on the safe and peaceful use of nuclear technology. Understanding its role helps explain current debates about nuclear power in Europe’s energy mix.
Source: TH
