Why in news?
India will assume the chair of the Kimberley Process (KP) in 2026, a global initiative that regulates the trade of rough diamonds to prevent funding for armed conflicts. As a major importer and processor of diamonds, India’s chairmanship could influence reforms to broaden the definition of conflict diamonds, improve certification systems and make the KP more transparent and inclusive.
Background
The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme was launched in 2003 after civil wars in Africa were fuelled by the sale of “blood diamonds.” Participants – now including more than 80 countries – agree to trade only certified rough diamonds and to share data on imports and exports. The KP has helped reduce conflict diamonds to a small fraction of the global trade, but critics say its definition is too narrow and decision‑making is hampered by the need for consensus.
Challenges facing the Kimberley Process
- Narrow definition: Currently, only diamonds that finance rebel movements against legitimate governments are considered conflict diamonds. This excludes gems linked to human‑rights abuses, child labour or environmental destruction.
- Consensus decision‑making: Any participant can veto reforms, making it difficult to adapt the KP to changing realities.
- Verification gaps: Weak enforcement in some producing countries and loopholes in certification procedures allow unverified stones to enter the market.
Opportunities for India’s leadership
- Broadening the mandate: India can advocate for recognising violence against workers, smuggling and environmental harm as part of the conflict‑diamond definition.
- Improving technology: Proposals include digital, tamper‑proof certificates, blockchain tracking and regional technical hubs to strengthen inspection and auditing.
- Inclusive participation: India could push to include artisanal miners, civil society groups and community representatives in discussions, aligning the KP with Sustainable Development Goals.
Significance
- Global diamond trade: As one of the world’s leading cutting and polishing centres, India handles the majority of rough diamonds. Its decisions can influence supply chains worldwide.
- Ethical sourcing: Strengthening the KP can increase consumer confidence that diamonds are conflict‑free and ethically produced.
- Economic opportunities: Reforms may benefit small‑scale miners and local communities in Africa by ensuring fair prices and reducing exploitation.
Conclusion
India’s upcoming chairmanship offers a rare chance to revitalise the Kimberley Process. By broadening definitions, improving technology and including diverse voices, India can help ensure that the diamond trade contributes to peace and development rather than conflict and harm.
Source: The Hindu
