Why in news?
Visits by dignitaries in September 2025, along with cultural and economic agreements, highlighted the enduring friendship between India and Mauritius. The two countries share historical bonds and collaborate on trade, security and diaspora issues.
Geography and environment
Mauritius is a small island country in the Indian Ocean, about 800 km east of Madagascar. Formed by volcanic activity, it is part of the Mascarene archipelago. Coral reefs surround much of its coastline, protecting lagoons and fostering rich marine life. The climate is subtropical with warm, humid summers and mild, dry winters. Its highest point is Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire at 828 m.
Population and economy
- Diverse society: Roughly 1.3 million people live in Mauritius. A majority of Indo‑Mauritians descend from indentured labourers who came from India in the nineteenth century. The island also has communities of Creole, Chinese and French descent.
- Capital: Port Louis is the capital and main port city. It hosts the national assembly, commercial centres and historical sites.
- Economy: Once reliant on sugarcane plantations, Mauritius has diversified into textiles, tourism, financial services and information technology. Political stability and strong governance have helped it become one of Africa’s most prosperous nations.
Relations with India
- India and Mauritius share cultural ties through language, cuisine and religion. Bhojpuri and Hindi are widely spoken, and festivals like Diwali are national holidays.
- India has been a key partner in maritime security, climate adaptation and infrastructure projects such as ports, light rail and hospitals.
- Both countries cooperate in the Indian Ocean Rim Association and support each other in international forums.
Significance
Understanding Mauritius helps Indian readers appreciate the country’s multicultural heritage and strategic location. The growing partnership underscores India’s role as a security provider and development partner in the Indian Ocean region.