Why in news?
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has selected the MM‑4 site on Mons Mouton, a mountain near the Moon’s south pole, as the preferred landing spot for the upcoming Chandrayaan‑4 mission. The mission, slated for 2028, aims to collect and return lunar samples to Earth. Engineers chose MM‑4 due to its gentle slopes and relatively safe terrain.
Background
Mons Mouton is a large mountain on the lunar far side, near the south pole region. Its name honours NASA mathematician Mary Winston Jackson and NASA’s human computers who contributed to early spaceflight. For Chandrayaan‑4, ISRO considered four potential landing sites (MM‑1 to MM‑4). After careful analysis of terrain, illumination and hazards, the space agency chose MM‑4 for its combination of smooth surface and prolonged sunlight.
Mission details
- Multi‑module spacecraft: Chandrayaan‑4 will include a Propulsion Module, Descender Module, Ascender Module, Transfer Module and Re‑entry Module. The Descender and Ascender will land on the Moon; the Ascender will later carry samples back to lunar orbit.
- Gentle slope and moderate height: MM‑4 has an average slope of about 5 degrees and a mean elevation around 5,334 metres. These conditions reduce the risks of landing and sample collection.
- Hazard‑free grids: Scientists counted the greatest number of 24 m × 24 m hazard‑free zones within MM‑4 compared with other sites, increasing the chance of a safe touchdown.
Significance
- Lunar sample return: If successful, Chandrayaan‑4 will be India’s first mission to bring back lunar soil and rock, contributing to global understanding of the Moon’s history.
- Technological advancement: The multi‑module design and sample‑return capability will demonstrate complex manoeuvres such as docking in lunar orbit and re‑entry to Earth.
- Strengthening India’s space programme: A successful mission will build on the achievements of Chandrayaan‑3 and further position India as a significant spacefaring nation.
Conclusion
By choosing the MM‑4 landing site on Mons Mouton, ISRO is preparing carefully for a challenging sample‑return mission. The smooth terrain and extended sunlight will help ensure a safe landing and successful collection of lunar material for scientific study.
Source: The Hindu
