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The Department of Telecommunications unveiled the National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025, an updated spectrum allocation framework for telecommunications and broadcasting. The plan, released on 30 December 2025, designates new frequency bands for mobile broadband, satellite services and emerging technologies. It is designed to harmonise Indian spectrum policy with international standards and give clarity for 6G research.
Background
The National Frequency Allocation Plan is India’s master document for allocating radio‑frequency spectrum across services such as mobile, Wi‑Fi, broadcasting and satellite communications. Spectrum is a finite resource divided into bands measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz). The NFAP is periodically revised to reflect technological advances and international agreements. The previous edition was released in 2018; the 2025 update takes into account new spectrum needs for 5G and future 6G networks, satellite broadband and other applications.
Key highlights of NFAP 2025
- Broad spectrum coverage: The plan covers frequencies from 8.3 kHz up to 3 000 GHz. This wide span ensures there is an organised framework for everything from radio broadcasting to future millimetre‑wave applications.
- New mobile broadband band: The 6 425–7 125 MHz band has been earmarked for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). This spectrum can support high‑capacity 5G, 5G Advanced and future 6G services.
- Satellite allocations: Additional spectrum in the Ka, Q and V bands has been reserved for satellite communication. These bands will help expand high‑throughput satellite broadband for remote areas and low‑Earth‑orbit (LEO) services.
- Connectivity on the move: The plan allocates frequencies for In‑Flight and Maritime Connectivity (IFMC), enabling passengers on ships and aircraft to access broadband internet. It also provides for Vehicle‑to‑Everything (V2X) communications to support connected vehicles and smart transport.
- Alignment with global standards: NFAP 2025 harmonises domestic allocations with the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This alignment helps Indian manufacturers develop devices that can operate globally and encourages investment in emerging technologies like 6G.
Significance
- Boost to digital infrastructure: Early clarity on 6G‑related spectrum bands allows researchers and telecom firms to plan equipment and trials well in advance.
- Better satellite broadband: Opening higher‑frequency bands for satellites improves the feasibility of nationwide satellite internet services, which are vital for unserved and remote regions.
- Improved transport connectivity: Allocating spectrum for IFMC and V2X will improve internet access on aircraft, ships and connected vehicles, enhancing the passenger experience and road safety.
- Support for Make in India: A predictable spectrum roadmap encourages indigenous manufacturing of telecom and satellite equipment, aligning with India’s self‑reliance goals.
Source: Press Information Bureau
