Why in news?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will lead the celebrations of National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) at the Statue of Unity in Gujarat’s Narmada Valley on 31 October 2025. This year’s event is special because it commemorates the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. A grand Unity Parade and cultural programmes will be organised outside the statue complex to mark the occasion.
Background
National Unity Day is celebrated in India every year on 31 October to honour the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950). The Government of India introduced the observance in 2014 to recall Patel’s pivotal role in uniting more than 560 princely states after Independence. Known as the “Iron Man of India”, he served as the country’s first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister. The day promotes national integration and reminds citizens of the importance of unity in diversity.
Life and contributions of Sardar Patel
- Early life: Patel was born on 31 October 1875 in Nadiad, Gujarat. He initially worked as a successful lawyer before joining India’s independence movement.
- Kheda Satyagraha (1918): Mahatma Gandhi chose Patel as deputy commander of the campaign demanding tax relief for farmers affected by crop failure. The movement established him as an effective organiser.
- Nagpur Satyagraha (1923): He led protests against a British law banning the hoisting of the Indian flag, demonstrating his commitment to civil rights.
- Ahmedabad Municipal Board (1924): As president of the municipality, he improved drainage, sanitation, cleanliness and water distribution in the city.
- Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): His leadership in the peasants’ uprising against high taxes earned him the title “Sardar”, meaning chief.
- Integration of princely states: After Independence, India consisted of 17 British provinces and over 560 princely states. Patel negotiated with rulers, overcame reluctance and secured accession, thereby building a united nation.
- Public office: From 1947 to 1950 he served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister. He also held the Information and Broadcasting portfolio and oversaw the establishment of the civil services.
Celebrations and initiatives
- Unity Parade: A ceremonial march featuring personnel from the Armed Forces, police, National Cadet Corps and other organisations is held to symbolise the nation’s cohesion.
- Run for Unity: Citizens across India participate in marathon runs to spread the message of harmony and collective strength.
- Pledge: Schools, government offices and public institutions recite a pledge reaffirming commitment to the unity, integrity and security of the country.
- Commemorative events: For the 150th anniversary, the government has launched a two‑year celebration that includes releasing a special coin, a postage stamp and a book titled “Vallabh”. Lectures, exhibitions, youth programmes and a virtual museum on sardar150.gov.in showcase Patel’s life and legacy.
Significance
- Promoting national integration: The day reminds citizens that unity is essential for a diverse country like India and honours the leader who made it possible.
- Inspiring future generations: Learning about Patel’s leadership and sacrifice motivates youth to work towards a cohesive society.
- Celebrating cultural heritage: The celebrations highlight India’s rich history and encourage pride in national achievements.
Conclusion
National Unity Day is more than a commemoration; it is a reaffirmation of the values that bind India together. As the nation celebrates Sardar Patel’s 150th birth anniversary, citizens are called upon to strengthen the bonds of unity and contribute to building an inclusive and resilient India.
Source: The Economic Times · Ministry of Culture