Why in news?
Researchers have identified a distinct species of leopard gecko in India, named the Painted Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis pictus). Found in the dry forests of Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh, this nocturnal lizard was previously misidentified as another species. The discovery highlights the rich biodiversity of the Eastern Ghats and draws attention to threats from illegal wildlife trade.
Background
Leopard geckos belong to the genus Eublepharis and are popular in the pet trade because of their striking patterns. In 2022 scientists from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, and the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, examined geckos from the Eastern Ghats that had been classified as Eublepharis hardwickii. Detailed study of their morphology and DNA revealed that these specimens belonged to a distinct species, which they named Eublepharis pictus. The species name means “painted,” reflecting the lizard’s brightly patterned bands.
Key characteristics
- Size and appearance: Adults reach about 11–12 centimetres in length. Males have larger heads and longer pre‑anal pores than females. Their dorsal side features alternating yellow and dark brown bands, giving a painted appearance.
- Habitat: The species inhabits dry evergreen and deciduous forests in the Eastern Ghats, particularly near Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and parts of southern Odisha. These geckos are strictly nocturnal and live on the ground.
- Behaviour: Like other leopard geckos, they use their tongues to explore their surroundings and communicate. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.
- Conservation concern: Due to their attractive colours, Painted Leopard Geckos are collected for the pet trade. Researchers have found individuals being smuggled across borders. Habitat loss from deforestation and quarrying further threatens the species. Scientists propose listing it as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Significance
- Biodiversity discovery: The identification of Eublepharis pictus shows how much remains unknown about India’s reptile fauna, especially in under‑studied regions like the Eastern Ghats.
- Conservation message: Recognition of a new species draws attention to the need for habitat protection and regulation of the exotic pet trade.
- Scientific value: Understanding the lizard’s genetics and ecology can inform conservation strategies and clarify evolutionary relationships within the leopard gecko group.
Conclusion
The Painted Leopard Gecko adds to the growing list of endemic species in India’s Eastern Ghats. Protecting its limited habitat and curbing illegal collection are essential for the survival of this colourful reptile.
Source: Sci.News; ScienceDaily
