Why in news?
The Government of India has declared the Parvati‑Arga Bird Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh as an Eco‑Sensitive Zone (ESZ). The decision aims to conserve the wetland’s unique biodiversity while promoting responsible tourism.
Background
The Parvati‑Arga Bird Sanctuary lies in the Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh. It consists of two oxbow lakes — Parvati and Arga — formed by meandering of the Ghaghara River. The sanctuary covers roughly 1,084 hectares and has been recognised as a Ramsar site because it supports large numbers of resident and migratory birds. Species such as the critically endangered white‑rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis), Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) and endangered Egyptian vulture frequent these wetlands.
What is an Eco‑Sensitive Zone?
An Eco‑Sensitive Zone is a buffer area around a protected area where certain activities are regulated to minimise human impact. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notifies ESZs to serve as shock absorbers for core habitats. For Parvati‑Arga, the ESZ designation restricts industrial activities and promotes eco‑tourism and community‑led conservation.
Key points
- Wetland ecosystem: The sanctuary supports marshes, reed beds and shallow open water. Its vegetation reflects the Indo‑Gangetic plains and provides nesting sites for waterbirds and raptors.
- Bird diversity: Besides vultures, species such as painted stork, Asian openbill, little cormorant and numerous migratory ducks visit the lakes during winter.
- Threats: Invasive plants like water hyacinth and human disturbance from fishing and agriculture pose challenges. The ESZ notification seeks to control pollution, regulate resource extraction and involve local communities in conservation.
Conclusion
Declaring Parvati‑Arga as an Eco‑Sensitive Zone reinforces India’s commitment to protecting wetlands and the species they support. It provides a framework for balancing conservation with sustainable livelihoods and tourism.
Sources: News On Air
