Why in news?
On 23 March 2026 the Indian government commemorated the Jyoti‑Jyot Diwas (death anniversary) of Guru Angad Dev, the second Sikh Guru. Senior leaders paid tribute to his life and teachings, highlighting his contributions to Punjabi culture, education and the egalitarian traditions of Sikhism.
Background
Guru Angad Dev was born as Lehna in 1504 in the Punjab region. He became a devoted disciple of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, and was chosen as his successor in 1539. Upon becoming the second Guru, he took the name Angad (“from his own limb”), symbolising continuity with his master. He led the Sikh community until his death in 1552.
Major contributions
- Standardising Gurmukhi: Guru Angad compiled the Punjabi alphabet into a standardised script now known as Gurmukhi. This script enabled Sikh scriptures and hymns to be recorded and taught widely, fostering literacy among common people.
- Compiling hymns: He began the task of collecting Guru Nanak’s hymns and teaching them to the community, laying the foundation for the Guru Granth Sahib.
- Promoting langar and sangat: Guru Angad strengthened the practice of langar (community kitchen) where people of all castes could dine together, and sangat (congregational worship), reinforcing social equality.
- Physical well‑being: He encouraged wrestling and physical exercise to build strength and discipline among followers and established schools to teach Punjabi reading and writing.
- Succession planning: Before his death, he appointed Guru Amar Das as the third Sikh Guru, ensuring an orderly transition of spiritual leadership.
Legacy
Guru Angad Dev is revered for deepening the spiritual and social foundations laid by Guru Nanak. By creating the Gurmukhi script and emphasising service, humility and equality, he ensured that the Sikh community would remain cohesive and accessible to people from all backgrounds. His life continues to inspire Sikhs around the world.
Source: PIB
