Why in news?
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two new oral treatments for uncomplicated gonorrhoea. The medicines—marketed as Nuzolvence and Blujepa—are the first pills authorised specifically for this sexually transmitted infection in decades. Their approval is viewed as a breakthrough in the fight against rising antibiotic resistance.
Background
Gonorrhoea is an infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It spreads through sexual contact and can infect the urethra, cervix, rectum, throat or eyes. Left untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and increased risk of HIV transmission. For years doctors have relied on injectable antibiotics like ceftriaxone combined with azithromycin. However, many strains of the bacterium have become resistant to existing drugs, prompting the search for new therapies.
About the new medicines
- Nuzolvence (zoliflodacin): This medicine is provided as granules that are mixed with water to form a suspension. A single oral dose treats uncomplicated infections of the urethra or cervix in patients aged 12 years and above weighing at least 35 kilograms. Clinical trials showed cure rates of about 91 percent. Common side effects include diarrhoea, nausea and headache.
- Blujepa (gepotidacin): Blujepa is taken as two tablets by patients aged 12 years and older who weigh at least 45 kilograms. It is reserved for people with limited treatment options, such as those allergic to other antibiotics. Trials found cure rates around 93 percent. Side effects may include upset stomach, diarrhoea and dizziness.
- Limitations: Both medicines are intended only for urogenital infections and are not approved for treating gonorrhoea of the throat, rectum or eyes. Patients should abstain from sexual activity for seven days after treatment and inform partners so they can also be tested and treated.
Significance
- Tackling resistance: The approval of two distinct drugs provides new options when older antibiotics fail. Their different modes of action reduce the chances that the bacterium will develop resistance to all available treatments.
- Improving access: Oral medicines are easier to administer than injections. They can be given in clinics and remote health centres without the need for cold storage or trained staff to give shots.
- Public health impact: Reducing the spread of gonorrhoea helps prevent complications such as infertility and lessens the burden on health systems. It also contributes to slowing the overall rise of antibiotic‑resistant infections.
Prevention message
While new medicines are welcome, prevention remains key. Practising safe sex, using condoms and getting regular check‑ups help reduce transmission. Health authorities advise all sexually active individuals, especially those with multiple partners, to undergo testing and seek prompt treatment if symptoms such as burning during urination or unusual discharge occur.
Conclusion
The introduction of Nuzolvence and Blujepa marks a significant step forward in treating gonorrhoea. Combined with education and preventive measures, these drugs could help contain one of the world’s most common sexually transmitted infections.
Source: TH
