Why in news?
Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) announced the discovery of two new polychaete worms from the northern Bay of Bengal. These “bio‑warrior” species were found along polluted coasts in West Bengal and are seen as indicators of the region’s hidden marine biodiversity.
Background
Polychaetes are segmented marine worms that play a vital role in nutrient cycling and sediment aeration. They are often used as bioindicators because their presence or absence reflects the health of coastal ecosystems. The Bay of Bengal’s mudflats and mangrove forests host a variety of such worms, but industrial pollution and habitat degradation threaten their diversity.
About the new species
- Namalycastis solenotognatha: The name combines the Greek words for “channelled” and “jaw”. This species has a distinctive jaw with many tiny canals extending from the pulp cavity. It thrives in sulphide‑rich, foul‑smelling mudflats on decomposing mangrove wood and hardened clay.
- Nereis dhritiae: Named in honour of Dhriti Banerjee, the first woman to head the ZSI, this worm was discovered inside wooden piles on sandy beaches. These piles are submerged during high tide, suggesting the species is adapted to periodic flooding.
Significance
- Bio‑indicators: Both species were found in areas heavily impacted by human activity. Their ability to survive in polluted environments makes them useful for monitoring coastal health.
- Ecological role: Nereidid worms help recycle nutrients and aerate sediments, supporting mangrove and mudflat ecosystems.
- Hidden diversity: The discovery suggests that more unknown species could be present in India’s coastal zones, emphasising the need for conservation and further research.
Source: The Indian Express
