Why in news?
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and Numaligarh Refinery Limited signed an agreement in July 2025 to deploy India’s first 5G captive non‑public network in the refinery sector. The pilot project seeks to demonstrate how ultra‑fast private networks can enhance industrial automation, safety and efficiency.
What is a captive non‑public network?
A captive non‑public network (CNPN) is a dedicated cellular network that operates in licensed spectrum exclusively within an enterprise premises. It is separate from public networks, offering secure, high‑bandwidth connectivity for industrial applications and direct device‑to‑device communication.
Key features of the project
- Indigenous 5G infrastructure: The network will use locally developed technology, supporting India’s goal of self‑reliance in critical communication systems.
- Ultra‑low latency: High‑bandwidth connections with very short response times will enable real‑time monitoring, automation and augmented‑reality maintenance.
- Cyber‑resilience: Being isolated from public networks enhances security and reduces the risk of external hacking or interference.
- Scalability: The network will support emerging technologies such as industrial Internet of Things sensors, digital twins and network slicing for different applications.
Significance
Deploying a private 5G network in a refinery demonstrates the potential of next‑generation communications to improve process control, safety and productivity. It also marks a step towards Industry 4.0 in India, where critical sectors such as oil and gas can leverage advanced connectivity without depending on public telecom infrastructure.