Why in news?
On 18 January 2026, Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defence reported that a Chinese surveillance drone briefly entered the airspace above the Pratas (Dongsha) Islands. The drone approached the atoll at 5:41 am and left following radio warnings at 5:48 am. The incursion underscored growing Chinese “grey‑zone” tactics in the South China Sea, including the use of drones and oil platforms to pressure Taiwan.
Background
The Pratas Islands consist of Pratas (Dongsha) Island, a coral atoll in the northern South China Sea administered by Taiwan but claimed by China. The atoll is about 170 nautical miles southeast of Hong Kong and covers roughly 240 hectares, including a lagoon. It is the largest feature in the northern South China Sea and houses Dongsha Airport and a small garrison. In 2007, Taiwan established the Dongsha Atoll National Park over 3,537 square kilometres to protect rich seagrass beds and marine life such as fish, rays, sea turtles and lemon sharks. Because larvae from Dongsha can disperse to other reefs, the atoll acts as a “stepping stone” for regional biodiversity connectivity.
Strategic importance
- Geopolitical claims: Although only one island, the atoll is claimed by both Taiwan (Republic of China) and China (People’s Republic of China). Control of the atoll offers access to surrounding waters rich in fishing grounds and potential energy resources. Nearby oil wells and Chinese drilling platforms signal resource competition.
- Military posture: The islands lie along the Bashi Channel, a key sea lane. Taiwan maintains a garrison but limited air defence capabilities. Analysts say Chinese drones and vessels test Taiwan’s response thresholds to gradually normalise intrusions.
- Environmental value: The national park protects seagrass beds that support diverse marine life and maintain genetic connectivity across the South China Sea. Illegal fishing and construction threaten this fragile ecosystem.
Conclusion
The recent drone intrusion over the Pratas Islands highlights rising tensions in the South China Sea. Beyond geopolitics, the atoll’s ecological importance warrants cooperative management to preserve its rich marine biodiversity. Dialogue and adherence to international norms are essential to reduce risks in this contested area.
Sources: TH
