Why in News?
The Indian government announced on 13 February 2026 that it would permit the export of 25 lakh metric tonnes (LMT) of wheat and 5 LMT of wheat products. This limited allowance follows a ban imposed in May 2022 to control domestic prices and ensure food security.
Background
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the second‑most important staple grain in India after rice. It is predominantly cultivated as a rabi (winter) crop.
- Climatic Requirements: Wheat thrives in temperate conditions. Optimal temperatures range from 10–15 °C during sowing to 21–26 °C during grain filling. It requires about 50–75 cm of evenly distributed rainfall; excessive rainfall or humidity during ripening can harm yield. Bright sunshine during maturity enhances grain quality, while frost or hail during flowering can be damaging.
- Soils and Regions: Loamy and clay loam soils with good drainage are ideal. Major producing states include Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
- Global Context: China, India, Russia and the United States are among the largest wheat producers. In India, wheat provides a significant portion of dietary energy and is processed into flour, bread and other products.
- Reason for Export Decision: Officials said domestic stocks were sufficient—private traders reportedly held about 75 LMT and Food Corporation of India stocks were projected at 182 LMT—so limited exports would not jeopardise food security. The move aims to stabilise domestic prices by encouraging farmers and traders to release stocks.