Why in news?
In early May 2026 the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) of the Union Environment Ministry granted in‑principle approval for diverting more than 3,000 hectares of forest land for large infrastructure projects. The decisions included hydropower projects in Arunachal Pradesh and mining operations in Chhattisgarh, Goa and Odisha. The committee attached strict conditions on slope stability, biodiversity management, tree transplantation and compensatory afforestation.
Background
The Forest Advisory Committee is a statutory body constituted under the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980. It comprises senior forest officials and independent experts who evaluate proposals for diverting forest land to non‑forest purposes. The FAC reviews environmental impact assessments, imposes mitigation measures and recommends whether projects should be approved. Its advice is considered by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change before a final decision is taken.
Key projects approved
- Hydroelectric projects: The committee approved the 680 megawatt Attunli hydroelectric project and the 1,200 megawatt Kalai project in Arunachal Pradesh. Both projects involve diverting forest land in biodiversity‑rich river valleys. Conditions include slope stabilisation studies, wildlife management plans and local community rehabilitation.
- Coal mining: Large tracts of forest in Chhattisgarh were approved for coal mining. The FAC mandated that mining companies transplant mature trees where possible and carry out extensive reforestation in adjacent areas to offset the loss.
- Iron ore mining: Proposals to expand iron ore mines in Goa and Odisha were given clearance subject to comprehensive reclamation plans, strict monitoring of pollution and conservation of wildlife corridors.
Importance of safeguards
By attaching stringent conditions, the FAC seeks to balance development needs with ecological protection. Projects must fund compensatory afforestation, soil and water conservation, and community welfare measures. The committee’s decisions highlight the growing emphasis on sustainable infrastructure and the need to protect India’s diminishing forest cover.
Conclusion
The FAC’s recent approvals show that India is pursuing large infrastructure projects even in sensitive ecosystems. Ensuring that environmental safeguards are implemented in letter and spirit will be critical for maintaining ecological balance while meeting energy and resource demands.