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Hospitals across the United States West Coast and parts of Northern California have reported a surge in infections caused by human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Public health authorities warn that this little‑known respiratory virus is circulating at high levels during the late winter and early spring of 2026.
Background
HMPV was first identified in 2001 and belongs to the same virus family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It spreads through respiratory droplets, aerosolised particles and contaminated surfaces. The virus typically causes mild cold‑like illness but can lead to severe respiratory disease in vulnerable populations.
Symptoms and risk groups
- Common symptoms: Nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, fever and wheezing. In severe cases it can cause pneumonia and bronchitis.
- High‑risk groups: Young children, older adults, people with chronic lung or heart conditions, and those with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop complications.
- Seasonality: In temperate regions HMPV circulates mostly in late winter and spring. Surveillance data indicate that the 2025–26 season has higher‑than‑usual case numbers.
Prevention and management
- No vaccine: Unlike influenza or COVID‑19, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Care focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting breathing.
- Hygiene measures: Regular hand‑washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals and wearing masks in crowded indoor settings can reduce transmission.
- Medical care: People with underlying health conditions who develop breathing difficulties should seek medical attention promptly. Severe cases may require hospitalisation for oxygen therapy.
Significance
The spike in HMPV cases serves as a reminder that multiple respiratory viruses co‑circulate and can strain healthcare systems even as attention remains focused on COVID‑19 and influenza. Public health messaging emphasises broad infection‑prevention strategies to mitigate the impact of seasonal surges.
Source: UC Davis Health · NDTV