Why in news?
In its monthly forecast issued on 28 February 2026, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) warned that an above‑normal number of heatwave days is likely across most of the country between March and May. Regions expected to face intense heat include West Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, south and east Maharashtra, east Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Gangetic West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and parts of north Karnataka and north Tamil Nadu. The agency noted that February rainfall was the lowest since 2001 and no cold waves were recorded that month.
Background
The India Meteorological Department, established in 1875, is the national agency responsible for weather forecasting, meteorological observations and issuing warnings for natural hazards such as cyclones, floods and heatwaves. It functions under the Ministry of Earth Sciences and operates a network of observation stations across India and Antarctica. IMD also serves as a Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre of the World Meteorological Organization for monitoring and naming tropical cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean.
Key points from the forecast
- Heatwave outlook: More heatwave days are expected over large swathes of India between March and May. In March, temperatures may be normal or below normal in many areas, but extreme heat is likely later in the season.
- Rainfall deficit: February 2026 saw the lowest rainfall since 2001, contributing to warmer conditions. The forecast suggests that average rainfall in March could help moderate temperatures in some regions.
- Lack of cold waves: IMD reported that no cold waves occurred across the country in February, indicating a warm end to the winter season.
Implications
- Public health: Heatwaves can cause heatstroke, dehydration and exacerbate existing illnesses, especially among vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and outdoor workers. States are advised to implement heat‑action plans, ensure access to drinking water and open cooling centres where necessary.
- Agriculture: High temperatures during the Rabi harvest and early Kharif sowing could stress crops and livestock. Farmers may need to adjust irrigation schedules and adopt drought‑tolerant varieties.
- Urban planning: Cities should prepare for heat emergencies by increasing green cover, improving ventilation in buildings and providing shading in public spaces.
Conclusion
The IMD’s forecast underscores the growing impact of heatwaves in India’s warming climate. Proactive measures – including community awareness, health interventions and climate‑resilient infrastructure – can reduce the risks posed by extreme heat. As climate variability intensifies, timely forecasts and preparedness will be crucial to safeguarding lives and livelihoods.
Source: The Hindu