Why in news?
Forest officials in Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh, reported camera-trap images of sambar deer at elevations above 2,500 metres in the Kalatop-Khajjiar and Gamgul sanctuaries. The sightings are unusual because sambar are typically found in lower-elevation forests. Researchers believe the animals have expanded their range due to better habitat protection and dense vegetation at higher altitudes.
Background
Sambar (Rusa unicolor) is the largest deer species in India. It inhabits deciduous and evergreen forests across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and enjoys protection under India’s Wildlife Protection Act.
Findings and reasons
- High-altitude records: Camera traps set up by the forest department captured images of sambar above 2,500 metres, indicating that they have moved into colder zones where they were rarely seen.
- Possible causes: Dense oak and deodar forests at higher elevations provide ample food and cover from predators. Reduced human disturbance and poaching could also be encouraging the deer to venture upwards.
- Ecological role: As primary herbivores, sambar deer are a key prey species for tigers, leopards and wild dogs. Their range expansion may influence predator dynamics in the Himalayas.
Conservation concerns
Although increased sightings suggest recovery, sambar populations remain threatened by habitat loss, hunting and road accidents. Conservationists recommend continued monitoring and creation of wildlife corridors to connect high-altitude forests with lower ranges.
Source: The Tribune