Why in news?
On 18 June 2026 the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology and the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences signed an agreement to establish a long‑term climate monitoring station at Devasthal in Uttarakhand. The facility will be part of the Bharat Climate Observation Network (BCON), a national initiative to build a high‑precision climate monitoring framework across India.
Background
BCON was conceived by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. Its goal is to create a network of stations that record meteorological parameters, greenhouse gases, aerosols, short‑lived climate forcers and soil moisture with high accuracy. The data will help validate Earth System Models, support early warning systems and guide policies under initiatives like Mission Mausam. Devasthal, located at 2,450 m in the Himalayas, offers pristine conditions for observing baseline atmospheric features and understanding monsoon dynamics.
Key features and objectives
- Comprehensive measurements: Stations in the network will measure temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, solar radiation, greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane), aerosols, reactive gases and soil moisture. High‑frequency observations will capture diurnal and seasonal variability.
- Quality‑controlled data: Instruments will be calibrated and maintained to international standards. The aim is to create long, continuous records that can detect climate trends and validate weather and climate models.
- Himalayan focus: The Devasthal site will monitor background atmospheric composition, pollution transport from the Indo‑Gangetic Plain and interactions between the monsoon and the Himalayas.
- Collaborative research: The MoU encourages joint studies between IITM, ARIES and other institutions. It supports training of researchers and students in climate and atmospheric sciences, strengthening national capacity.
- Policy relevance: BCON data will inform climate assessments, adaptation strategies and international commitments. It also supports India’s contributions to global observation systems.
Conclusion
BCON represents a significant investment in climate science. By building a robust observation network, India will improve understanding of its complex climate system and enhance preparedness for extreme weather events.